Education For All

Monday, 8 June 2015

Stomach Disease

Gastroenteritis

When you have diarrhea and vomiting, you may say you have the "stomach flu." What it's really called is gastroenteritis. Although it may make you feel bad, it's an illness that has nothing to do really with flu. In gastroenteritis, your stomach and intestines are irritated and inflamed. The cause is typically a viral or bacterial infection.

Causes

Numerous kinds of bacteria can cause gastroenteritis, including:

yersinia (found in pork)
staphylococcus (found in dairy products, meat, and eggs)
shigella (associated with water and found in swimming pools)
salmonella (found in meat, dairy products, and eggs)
E. coli (found in ground beef, salads)
campylobacter (found in meat and poultry)

symptoms

The symptoms you experience may vary according to the type of bacteria causing your infection, but they could include:

loss of appetite
nausea and vomiting
diarrhea
abdominal pains and cramps
blood in your stools
fever

Precautions
The main aim of treatment is to keep you fully hydrated in order to avoid complications. It is important not too lose too much salt (such as sodium and potassium), as these must remain within certain ranges for your body to function properly.
For more serious cases of bacterial gastroenteritis, you may be admitted to hospital and given fluids and salts intravenously.
Treatment with antibiotics is usually reserved for the most severe cases of gastroenteritis.

The Computer History Museum is a museum established in 1996 in Mountain View, California, USA.

Types Of e-portfolio

e-Portfolio Basics: Types of e-portfolios
There are three types of portfolios: developmental, assessment and showcase:

Developmental Portfolios: demonstrate the advancement and development of student skills over a period of time. Developmental portfolios are considered works-in-progress and include both self-assessment and reflection/feedback elements. The primary purpose is to provide communication between students and faculty.

Assessment Portfolios: demonstrate student competence and skill for well-defined areas. These may be end-of-course or program assessments primarily for evaluating student performance. The primary purpose is to evaluate student competency as defined by program standards and outcomes.

Showcase Portfolios: demonstrate exemplary work and student skills. This type of portfolio is created at the end of a program to highlight the quality of student work. Students typically show this portfolio to potential employers to gain employment at the end of a degree program.

Hybrids: Most portfolios are hybrids of the three types of portfolios listed above. Rarely will you find a portfolio that is strictly used for assessment, development or showcase purposes. Occasionally, you may come across showcase portfolios that do not show evidence of self-reflection, rubrics for assessment or feedback, however, as Helen Barrett, an expert in the field of e-portfolios, would say "a portfolio without standards, goals and/or reflection is just a fancy resume, not an electronic portfolio."

Self-reflection is an important component of electronic portfolio development. If you do not require participants to self-reflect on the artifacts they add to the portfolio, they will not gain from the rich learning experience that e-portfolio development can provide!

e-Portfolio

e-Portfolio Basics: What is an e-portfolio?
A portfolio is a collection of work developed across varied contexts over time. The portfolio can advance learning by providing students and/or faculty with a way to organize, archive and display pieces of work.

The electronic format allows faculty and other professionals to evaluate student portfolios using technology, which may include the Internet, CD-ROM, video, animation or audio. Electronic portfolios are becoming a popular alternative to traditional paper-based portfolios because they offer practitioners and peers the opportunity to review, communicate and assess portfolios in an asynchronous manner.

Most people are familiar with student portfolios, however, higher education institutions are starting to create departmental and institutional portfolios as a means for evaluating student learning on a more global level. Institutional portfolios provide a means of assessing the impact of the entire educational experience on student learning. They can be used to drive internal improvement and external accountability. Like student portfolios, they allow for internal improvement and external accountability, but on the level of the whole institution.